banner

新聞中心

2025/10/07

如何測試 SMA 連接器的電氣性能?|插入損耗、回波損耗與測試儀器

如何測試 SMA 連接器的電氣性能?|插入損耗、回波損耗與測試儀器 

如何測試 SMA 連接器的電氣性能?|插入損耗、回波損耗與測試儀器

 

測試數值異常,是連接器本身的問題,還是量測方式出錯?

在射頻產品設計與驗收過程中,你是否遇過:

「SMA 接頭剛焊好,插入損耗就比規格高了 1 dB?」

「為什麼只換一條線,回波損耗的數值就跳動不穩?」

 

這些情況非常常見。其實,SMA 連接器的測試結果,不只是產品品質,而是 儀器精度、測試流程、安裝習慣與環境條件 的綜合作用。

本文將帶你解析插入損耗(Insertion Loss, IL)與回波損耗(Return Loss, RL)的測試方法,並說明 VNA 與頻譜分析儀的使用差異,協助你提升量測精度、避免誤判。

 

 

1. SMA 插入損耗偏高,常見原因與排查方法

在驗證 SMA 接頭時,如果插入損耗數值異常偏高,很多人第一時間會懷疑接頭不良。但實際上,插入損耗(IL)代表訊號通過連接器後的功率衰減,單位為 dB,測試誤差本身也可能是主因。

優質 SMA 在 6 GHz 頻段通常應 <0.2 dB。如果超標,常見原因包括:測試線材老化、接觸不良、焊接虛焊,或測試頻率設定與應用不符。

 

建議做法:

  • 使用完整校正的 VNA 搭配精密測試線。
  • 定期檢查接頭外觀是否變形或氧化。
  • 確保接頭鎖緊,避免因微小鬆動造成損耗增加。
  • 透過參照件比對,排除系統誤差。

 

 

2. SMA 回波損耗測試數值不穩的原因

回波損耗(RL)用來評估阻抗匹配程度,數值越高越好(通常希望 >20 dB)。

但在實務測試中,數值常出現忽高忽低,甚至同一產品多次測試也差異明顯。

這通常來自:儀器與 SMA 介面阻抗不完全匹配、接頭扭力不足、或環境電磁干擾(EMI)。

 

建議做法:

  • 使用定扭矩 SMA 扳手(如 8 in-lb),確保每次連接條件一致。
  • 在低干擾環境下測試,避免雜訊干擾。
  • 確認測試頻段在 SMA 的規格範圍內(一般為 6 GHz ~ 18 GHz)。

 

 

3. 測試儀器怎麼選?網路分析儀 vs. 頻譜分析儀

很多人會疑惑,實驗室裡有向量網路分析儀(VNA)和頻譜分析儀,該用哪一台?

答案很簡單:SMA 電氣性能測試幾乎都必須依賴 VNA。

  • VNA:可量測 S 參數(S11、S21),準確反映插入損耗與回波損耗。
  • 頻譜分析儀:擅長觀察頻譜與干擾,但無法直接測 S 參數。

 

建議做法:

  • 插入損耗與回波損耗 → 必須使用 VNA,並搭配校正治具(Open/Short/Load/Through)。
  • 根據應用選擇規格,例如高頻應用選 20 GHz VNA。
  • 高頻測試時,務必定期校正,確保數據精度。

 

 

4. 哪些條件會導致測試誤判?SMA本身不是唯一問題

即使是同一批 SMA 接頭,不同實驗室測出的數值差異很大,容易讓人誤以為產品品質不穩。

其實,SMA連接器的測試結果不僅來自產品本身,也與測試條件差異有關。常見原因包括:儀器韌體或頻段設定不同、接頭使用次數過多導致磨損、或 SOP 不一致(如冷開機與熱機時間差異)。

 

建議做法:

  • 建立統一的測試 SOP,明確定義測試步驟與儀器參數。
  • 高頻用 SMA 接頭建議 500 次使用後,就進行檢查或更換。
  • 進行雙重確認:將同一測試件在不同儀器上比對數據,以排除單一設備誤差。

 

測得準,才算真正看得懂射頻連接器

測試 SMA 連接器並不是「插上去看數值」這麼簡單,而是一整套包含設備精度、操作習慣、環境條件的系統性工程。

從插入損耗、回波損耗,到儀器選型、操作流程、安裝細節,每一個環節都會影響結果。

 

透過正確的測試方法,你能:

  • 提升數據可信度
  • 減少誤判與退料風險
  • 確保產品量產驗收更穩定可靠

 

下一次看到偏高的 dB 數字時,不妨先問自己:

這真的是接頭不良,還是測試設定出了問題?

 

📞 測試遇到困難嗎?聯絡我們:service@chinnan.com.tw

📚 延伸閱讀:

 


前往LINE官方帳號

登入會員

評分

已送出
謝謝您的評分
OK

We will use cookies on our website for technical, analytical, and marketing purposes. By continuing to browse this website, you agree to our use of cookies. To learn more, read our Privacy Policy.  

同意

PRIVACY POLICY

LEGAL, TERMS & CONDITIONS

Chin Nan respects the privacy rights and interests of each customer. Chin Nan will observe the principles when processing your personal information fairly and lawfully. We take the protection of personal data very seriously. We want you to know when we are storing your data, what data we are storing and how we are using it.

PERSONAL INFORMATION YOU PROVIDE TO US THROUGH OUR SITE.

We may collect and store personal information that you choose to voluntarily provide to us when you provide it through the Site. The types of personal information may include:

  • Company name, contact name, job title, company website, country, business type, email,telephone number, fax number, address.

  • Other personal information you may include in content you submit on the Site.

COOKIE:

There is a technology called "cookie" which is an element of data that a website can send to your browser which may then store on your system. Some Site pages use cookies so that we can better serve you when you return to our Site. You can set your browser to notify you when you receive a cookie, giving the chance to decide whether to accept it.

We use Track ID (cookies) to collect and store information when you visit our website; the information is saved at Amazon Web Services (AWS) and used to identify your browser or device.

Cookies do not harm your computer and do not contain any viruses.

Cookies help make our website more user-friendly, efficient, and secure.

Cookies are small text files that are stored on your computer and saved by your browser. Using cookies enables us to provide you with certain features and provides us with information regarding website visits.

WEB ANALYSIS WITH GOOGLE ANALYTICS

We use Google Analytics to analyze user activity in order to improve the Website. For example, using Google Analytics Cookies we can look at aggregate patterns like the average number of searches that users perform, what keywords users searched, countries and languages. We can use such analysis to gain insights about how to improve the functionality and experience of the website. You can visit Google Analytics’ Privacy Policy at: https://policies.google.com/technologies/cookies

YOUR INFORMATION COLLECTED FROM OTHER TECHNOLOGIES

Besides Cookies, we use other technologies to improve your user experience and the overall quality of our services by collecting the information below:

[site visitor] visited website (URL)

[site visitor] IP Address

[site visitor] Internet Connection Device Brand, Model and OS

[site visitor] Internet Connection Device Browser, Resolution, Color

[site visitor] GeoIP

[site visitor] ISP

INFORMATION, BLOCKING, DELETION

As permitted by law, you have the right to be provided at any time with information free of charge about any of your personal data that is stored as well as its origin, the recipient and the purpose for which it has been processed. You also have the right to have this data corrected, blocked or deleted. You can contact us at any time using the address given in our legal notice if you have further questions on the topic of personal data.

All the collected information is saved for 24 months on Amazon Web Services (AWS) and regularly deleted every month..

THE PROTECTION OF YOUR PERSONAL DATA

Your personal data is stored on Amazon Web Services (AWS). AWS Announces CISPE Membership and Compliance with First-Ever Code of Conduct for Data Protection in the Cloud.

INFORMATION SECURITY

We use standard security technology SSL or HTTPS standard technology for keeping an internet connection secure and safeguarding any sensitive data that is being sent between two systems, preventing criminals from reading and modifying any information transferred, including potential personal details.

CHANGES TO THIS PRIVACY POLICY

We may update this Privacy Policy to reflect changes to our information practices. If we make any material changes we will notify you by email (sent to the e-mail address specified in your account) or by means of a notice on this website prior to the change becoming effective.